Modern Indian History begins in the mid-18th century when British power started expanding in India. This period was marked by political changes, social reforms, and the rise of national consciousness.

After the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the East India Company established its control over large parts of India. Gradually, British rule expanded across the country. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was the first major uprising against British rule.

In 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded, which played a key role in the freedom movement. Under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, movements such as Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, and Quit India were launched. Finally, India gained independence on 15 August 1947.

Thus, Modern Indian History is the story of British rule, social reform movements, and the struggle for independence that laid the foundation of present-day India.